Plasma Engineering and non-equilibrium processing Lab

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Publications

Peer-reviewed publications

  1. Akhter, M., Tang, X., Mallams, J., Kao, Y.-T., Kazi, A., Kumar, S., Antao, D. S., Tai, B. L. & Staack, D. Shockwave and plasma assisted rock cracking for geothermal drilling. Renewable Energy 241, 122351 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122351
  2. Li, D., Bisel, T. T., Cooley, S. K., Ni, Y., Murphy, M. K., Spencer, M. P., Hasan, M. K., Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Huang, M., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., Parker, R. & Gustin, E. Gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on polymers in an advanced bone cement mixer device. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 226, 112188 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112188
  3. Campbell, C. S., Akhter, M., Clark, S., Fezzaa, K., Staack, D. & Wang, Z. Data-driven picosecond X-ray imaging for quantitative plasma-induced shock characterization. Commun. Phys. 8, 127 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02021-4
  4. Adkins, C., Carter, K., Belcher, D. & Staack, D. Air-breathing pulsed plasma thruster array demonstrating high thrust density. J. Electr. Propul. 4, 49 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44205-025-00154-w
  5. Baky, M. A. H., Wang, K., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Spectroscopic analysis of single and multiphase electrical discharge for clean energy conversion. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 58, 045201 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad8760
  6. Niknezhad, S. S., Staack, D. & Pistikopoulos, E. N. Natural gas to hydrogen via a novel process intensified plasma-based reformer. Appl. Energy 373, 123911 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123911
  7. Li, D., Bisel, T. T., Cooley, S. K., Murphy, M. K., Spencer, M. P., Hasan, M. K., Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Huang, M., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., Parker, R. & Gustin, E. Effects of gamma, electron beam, and X-ray irradiation on the plastic components of a universal bone cement mixer medical device. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 223, 111971 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111971
  8. Lassalle, J., Hoelen, T. P., Bireta, P., Kong, D., Sabadell, G. P. & Staack, D. Demonstration of a scalable process for remediation of petroleum-impacted soil using electron beam irradiation. Environmental Pollution 342, 122893 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122893
  9. Kazi, A. A., Antao, D., Staack, D. & Tai, B. L. Numerical investigation of the effect of pre-induced cracks on hard rock cutting using finite element analysis. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 57, 7997–8011 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03990-8
  10. Hasan, M. K., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Fifield, L. S. & Pharr, M. Connecting radiation-driven changes in structural, thermal, and mechanical properties in several medical device polymers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 221, 110677 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110677
  11. Adkins, C., Belcher, D., Akhter, M., Duggleby, A., Cardwell, N. D. & Staack, D. Design and optimization of a high thrust density air-breathing pulsed plasma thruster array. J Electr Propuls 3, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44205-024-00071-4
  12. Wang, K., Damarla, H. R., Berman, I. C. & Staack, D. Prospective electric heavy oil upgrading at ambient pressure by high energy electron beam. Geoenergy Science and Engineering 226, 211784 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211784
  13. Lassalle, J., Briggs, K. W., Thompson, T. N., Strzelec, A., Hoelen, T. P., Kong, D., Bireta, P., Sabadell, G. P. & Staack, D. Electron beam remediation of soils impacted with heavy hydrocarbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 11, 100335 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100335
  14. Kazi, A. A., Akhter, M., Antao, D., Staack, D. & Tai, B. L. The Effects of Plasma Pre-Cracking on Drilling of Hard Rocks: A Single Insert Cutting Experiment. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng 145, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056752
  15. Islam Bhuiyan, S., Kraus, J., Baky, M. A. H., Stanich, R., Wang, K., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Greenhouse gas emission reduction and energy impact of electrifying upgraders in refineries using plasma processing technology. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2178–2199 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE01089E
  16. Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Pillai, S. D., Pharr, M. & Staack, D. Electron beam technology for Re-processing of personal protective equipment. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 202, 110557 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110557
  17. Bhuiyan, S. I., Wang, K., Baky, M. A. H., Kraus, J., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Controlling Parameters in the Efficiency of Hydrogen Production via Electrification with Multi-Phase Plasma Processing Technology. Energies 16, 5509 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145509
  18. Adkins, C., Akhter, M., Mier-Hicks, F. & Staack, D. Pulsed plasma discharge effects on efficiency and rate of penetration of melt probes in ice. Icarus 401, 115600 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115600
  19. Wang, K. & Staack, D. Electric production of high-quality fuels via electron beam irradiation under ambient conditions. Green Chem. 24, 1177–1189 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1GC03299B
  20. Wang, K., Bhuiyan, S. I., Hil Baky, M. A., Kraus, J., Campbell, C., Tang, X., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Electric fuel conversion with hydrogen production by multiphase plasma at ambient pressure. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133660 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133660
  21. Tang, X., Adkins, C., Mallams, J., Burnette, M., Barnes, T., Mier-Hicks, F., Meirion-Griffith, G. & Staack, D. Plasma drilling on Martian ice: Enabling efficient deep subsurface access to Mars’ polar layered deposits. Planetary and Space Science 223, 105578 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2022.105578
  22. Suresh, D. P., Kowald, C., Lassalle, J. & Staack, D. in Ionizing Radiation Technologies 223–228 (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119488583.ch13
  23. Lassalle, J., Briggs, K., Thompson, T., Martinez, M., Strzelec, A. & Staack, D. in Ionizing Radiation Technologies 120–135 (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119488583.ch8
  24. Kotecha, M. C., Staack, D. & McAdams, D. A. Functional Modeling-Based Digital Twin Architecture Representation: An Instructional Example of a COVID-19 Breathalyzer Kiosk. J. Mech. Des 144, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055136
  25. Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Rathore, K., Baky, M. A. H., Lassalle, J., Kraus, J., Burnette, M., Campbell, C., Wang, K., Jemison, H., Pillai, S., Pharr, M. & Staack, D. Plasma generated ozone and reactive oxygen species for point of use PPE decontamination system. PLOS ONE 17, e0262818 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262818
  26. Bhasin, D., Staack, D. & McAdams, D. A. Bioinspiration of Product Architecture: Trading-Off System Effectiveness for System Robustness. J. Mech. Des 144, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054246
  27. Wang, K., Bhuiyan, S. I., Hil Baky, M. A., Kraus, J., Campbell, C., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Role of bubble and impurity dynamics in electrical breakdown of dielectric liquids. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 30, 055013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/abf71d
  28. Wang, K., Bhuiyan, S. I., Hil Baky, M. A., Kraus, J., Campbell, C., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. Relative breakdown voltage and energy deposition in the liquid and gas phase of multiphase hydrocarbon plasmas. J. Appl. Phys. 129, 123301 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028999
  29. Wang, K., Baky, A. H., Bhuiyan, S. I., Kraus, J., Campbell, C., Stanich, R., Jemison, H. & Staack, D. CO2-free conversion of fossil fuels by multiphase plasma at ambient conditions. Fuel 304, 121469 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121469
  30. Rathore, K., Bhuiyan, S. I., Slavens, S. M. & Staack, D. Microplasma ball reactor for JP-8 liquid hydrocarbon conversion to lighter fuels. Fuel 285, 118943 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118943
  31. Lassalle, J., Gao, R., Rodi, R., Kowald, C., Feng, M., Sharma, V. K., Hoelen, T., Bireta, P., Houtz, E. F., Staack, D. & Pillai, S. D. Degradation of PFOS and PFOA in soil and groundwater samples by high dose Electron Beam Technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 189, 109705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109705
  32. Kowald, C., Brorman, E., Shankar, S., Klemashevich, C., Staack, D. & Pillai, S. D. PFOA and PFOS breakdown in experimental sand, laboratory-grade water, investigation-derived groundwater and wastewater effluent samples at 50 kGy electron beam dose. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 180, 109323 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109323
  33. Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., McCoy, J., Faucette, T., Bisel, T. T., Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Perkins, L., Cooley, S. K. & Murphy, M. K. Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on single-use blood collection devices with plastic components. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 180, 109282 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109282
  34. Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., McCoy, J., Faucette, T., Bisel, T. T., Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Perkins, L., Cooley, S. K. & Murphy, M. K. Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation doses on characteristics of low-density polyethylene, polypropylene homopolymer, polyolefin elastomer and chlorobutyl rubber medical device polymers. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 186, 109505 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109505
  35. Feng, M., Gao, R., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D. & Sharma, V. K. Degradation of perfluoroheptanoic acid in water by electron beam irradiation. Environ Chem Lett 19, 2689–2694 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01195-x
  36. Campbell, C., Tang, X., Sechrest, Y., Fezzaa, K., Wang, Z. & Staack, D. Ultrafast x-ray imaging of pulsed plasmas in water. Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L022021
  37. Bhasin, D., Staack, D. & McAdams, D. A. Designing Robust Systems Using Bioinspired Product Architecture. in (American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2021-68956
  38. Akhter, M., Mallams, J., Tang, X. & Staack, D. Underwater plasma breakdown characteristics with respect to highly pressurized drilling applications. J. Appl. Phys. 129, 183309 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044410
  39. Wang, K. & Staack, D. Electrical Oligomerization of Small Hydrocarbons Activated by Collision with High Energy Electrons at Ambient Conditions. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 8, 16731–16736 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05954
  40. Wang, K., Damarla, H. R., Berman, I. C. & Staack, D. High dose rate electron beam irradiation of heavy alkanes in a multi-phase flow system. Fuel 274, 117695 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117695
  41. Tsai, T.-C., Mcintyre, K., Burnette, M. & Staack, D. Copper film deposition using a helium dielectric barrier discharge jet. Plasma Processes and Polymers 17, 1900251 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201900251
  42. Sweeney, C. B., Burnette, M. L., Pospisil, M. J., Shah, S. A., Anas, M., Teipel, B. R., Zahner, B. S., Staack, D. & Green, M. J. Dielectric Barrier Discharge Applicator for Heating Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Interfaces and Enhancing 3D-Printed Bond Strength. Nano Lett. 20, 2310–2315 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04718
  43. Sechrest, Y., Campbell, C., Tang, X., Staack, D. & Wang, Z. High-speed imaging of transition from fluid breakup to phase explosion in electric explosion of tungsten wires in air. Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 124102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0019211
  44. Rathore, K., Wakim, D., Chitre, A. & Staack, D. Glow discharge characteristics of non-thermal microplasmas at above atmospheric pressure. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29, 055011 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ab8174
  45. Kazi, A., Riyaz, M., Tang, X., Staack, D. & Tai, B. Specific cutting energy reduction of granite using plasma treatment: A feasibility study for future geothermal drilling. Procedia Manufacturing 48, 514–519 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.077
  46. Burnette, M. & Staack, D. Development of a substrate-invariant 2-D array of nanosecond-pulsed streamer discharges. Plasma Res. Express 2, 015001 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6409
  47. Tang, X. & Staack, D. Bioinspired mechanical device generates plasma in water via cavitation. Science Advances 5, eaau7765 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7765
  48. Shih, C.-C., Burnette, M., Staack, D., Wang, J. & Tai, B. L. Effects of cold plasma treatment on interlayer bonding strength in FFF process. Additive Manufacturing 25, 104–111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.11.005
  49. Pollard, W., Duggleby, A. & Staack, D. Dynamics of two microscale DPF devices. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49, 055201 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/5/055201
  50. Parkey, J., Cross, J., Hayes, R., Parham, C., Staack, D. & Sharma, A. C. A Battery Powered, Portable, and Self-Contained Non-Thermal Helium Plasma Jet Device for Point-of-Injury Burn Wound Treatment. Plasma Processes and Polymers 12, 1244–1255 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201400245
  51. Ghosh, S., Liu, T., Bilici, M., Cole, J., Huang, I.-M., Staack, D., Mariotti, D. & Sankaran, R. M. Atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge with capillary injection for gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48, 314003 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/31/314003
  52. Xiao, P. & Staack, D. Microbubble generation by microplasma in water. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47, 355203 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/35/355203
  53. Pollard, W., Suzuki, P. & Staack, D. Striations in High-Pressure Hydrogen Microplasma. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, 2650–2651 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2014.2324536
  54. Jo, Y.-K., Cho, J., Tsai, T.-C., Staack, D., Kang, M.-H., Roh, J.-H., Shin, D.-B., Cromwell, W. & Gross, D. A Non-thermal Plasma Seed Treatment Method for Management of a Seedborne Fungal Pathogen on Rice Seed. Crop Science 54, 796–803 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0331
  55. Xiao, P. & Staack, D. PMT and ICCD investigation of light emission from microplasma generated in liquid. in 2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) 1–6 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2013.6627581
  56. Wakim, D., Suzuki, P. & Staack, D. Optical emission spectral analysis of microplasma discharges in atomic and molecular gases at pressures up to 1.65 MPa. in 2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) 1–6 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2013.6627517
  57. Tsai, T.-C. & Staack, D. Characteristics of Precursor-Dependent Breakdown in Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge Jet. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 40, 2931–2945 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2012.2209683
  58. Tsai, T.-C., Cho, J., Mcintyre, K., Jo, Y.-K. & Staack, D. Polymer film deposition on agar using a dielectric barrier discharge jet and its bacterial growth inhibition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 074107 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4747806
  59. Tsai, T.-C. & Staack, D. Low-temperature Polymer Deposition in Ambient Air Using a Floating-electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge Jet. Plasma Processes and Polymers 8, 523–534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000171
  60. Geiger, R. & Staack, D. Analysis of solid products formed in atmospheric non-thermal carbon monoxide plasma. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44, 274005 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/27/274005
  61. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Stabilization of the ionization overheating thermal instability in atmospheric pressure microplasmas. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 013303 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3143781
  62. Cooper, M., Fridman, G., Staack, D., Gutsol, A. F., Vasilets, V. N., Anandan, S., Cho, Y. I., Fridman, A. & Tsapin, A. Decontamination of Surfaces From Extremophile Organisms Using Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 37, 866–871 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2010618
  63. Bhattacharyya, S., Staack, D., Vitol, E. A., Singhal, R., Fridman, A., Friedman, G. & Gogotsi, Y. Localized Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Nanoscale Corona Discharge in Aqueous Solutions. Advanced Materials 21, 4039–4044 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200900673
  64. Ayan, H., Fridman, G., Staack, D., Gutsol, A. F., Vasilets, V. N., Anandan, S., Cho, Y. I., Fridman, A. A. & Friedman, G. Heating Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharges for Direct Medical Treatment. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 37, 113–120 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2006899
  65. Ayan, H., Staack, D., Fridman, G., Gutsol, A., Mukhin, Y., Starikovskii, A., Fridman, A. & Friedman, G. Application of nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge for biomedical treatment of topographically non-uniform surfaces. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 125202 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/12/125202
  66. Antao, D. S., Staack, D. A., Fridman, A. & Farouk, B. Atmospheric pressure dc corona discharges: operating regimes and potential applications. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 18, 035016 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/3/035016
  67. Wilson, A., Staack, D., Farouk, T., Gutsol, A., Fridman, A. & Farouk, B. Self-rotating dc atmospheric-pressure discharge over a water-surface electrode: regimes of operation. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 17, 045001 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/17/4/045001
  68. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. DC normal glow discharges in atmospheric pressure atomic and molecular gases. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 17, 025013 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/17/2/025013
  69. Staack, D. A., Farouk, B. & Fridman, A. A. Characterization and stabilization of atmospheric pressure DC microplasmas and their application to thin film deposition. (2008). https://doi.org/10.17918/etd-2998
  70. Staack, D., Gutsol, A., Friedman, G. & Fridman, A. Preliminary Evaluation of Low Power Pulsed Corona Discharge for Characterization of Liquids. in Plasma Assisted Decontamination of Biological and Chemical Agents (eds Güçeri, S., Fridman, A., Gibson, K. & Haas, C.) 79–86 (Springer Netherlands, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/%253E978-1-4020-8439-3_6
  71. Raitses, Y., Staack, D. & Fisch, N. J. Controlling the Plasma Potential Distribution in Segmented-Electrode Hall Thruster. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 1202–1203 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.924410
  72. Raitses, Y., Staack, D., Farouk, T., Gutsol, A., Fridman, A. & Farouk, B. Self-rotating dc atmospheric-pressure discharge over a water surface electrode and its regimes of operation. in 2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science (2008), 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591055
  73. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. F. & Fridman, A. Spatially Resolved Temperature Measurements of Atmospheric-Pressure Normal Glow Microplasmas in Air. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 35, 1448–1455 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2007.904959
  74. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Thin Film Deposition using Atmospheric Pressure Microplasmas. in 2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) 833–833 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346139
  75. Farouk, T., Farouk, B., Staack, D., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Modeling of direct current micro-plasma discharges in atmospheric pressure hydrogen. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16, 619–634 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/16/3/023
  76. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Spectroscopic studies and rotational and vibrational temperature measurements of atmospheric pressure normal glow plasma discharges in air. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 15, 818–827 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/027
  77. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Rotational and vibrational temperature measurements of atmospheric pressure normal glow plasma discharges in air, nitrogen, argon, and helium. in The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record – Abstracts. 59–59 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2006.1706931
  78. Raitses, Y., Staack, D., Dunaevsky, A. & Fisch, N. J. Operation of a segmented Hall thruster with low-sputtering carbon-velvet electrodes. J. Appl. Phys. 99, 036103 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2168023
  79. Raitses, Y., Smirnov, A., Staack, D. & Fisch, N. J. Measurements of secondary electron emission effects in the Hall thruster discharge. Phys. Plasmas 13, 014502 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2162809
  80. Farouk, T., Farouk, B., Staack, D., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Simulation of dc atmospheric pressure argon micro glow-discharge. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 15, 676–688 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/012
  81. Staack, D., Farouk, B., Gutsol, A. & Fridman, A. Characterization of a dc atmospheric pressure normal glow discharge. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 14, 700–711 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/14/4/009
  82. Raitses, Y., Staack, D., Smirnov, A. & Fisch, N. J. Space charge saturated sheath regime and electron temperature saturation in Hall thrusters. Phys. Plasmas 12, 073507 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1944328
  83. Raitses, Y., Staack, D., Keidar, M. & Fisch, N. J. Electron-wall interaction in Hall thrustersa). Phys. Plasmas 12, 057104 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1891747
  84. Staack, D., Raitses, Y. & Fisch, N. J. Temperature gradient in Hall thrusters. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3028–3030 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1710732
  85. Staack, D., Raitses, Y. & Fisch, N. J. Shielded electrostatic probe for nonperturbing plasma measurements in Hall thrusters. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 393–399 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1634353
  86. Staack, D., Raitses, Y. & Fisch, N. J. Control of the Acceleration Region in Hall Thrusters. (2003).
  87. Raitses, Y., Staack, D., Dunaevsky, A., Dorf, L. & Fisch, N. J. Preliminary Results of Plasma Flow Measurements in a 2 KW Segmented Hall Thruster. (Princeton Plasma Physics Lab., NJ (US), 2003). https://doi.org/10.2172/812923
  88. Raitses, Y., Keidar, M., Staack, D. & Fisch, N. J. Effects of segmented electrode in Hall current plasma thrusters. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 4906–4911 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1510556
  89. Raitses, Y., Staack, D. & Fisch, N. J. Measurements of Plasma Potential Distribution in Segmented Electrode Hall Thruster. (Princeton Plasma Physics Lab., NJ (US), 2001). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/788454
  90. Conway, M., Audia, S., Burnette, T., Staack, D., Cosgrove, D. & Christiansen, K. Alice: lessons learned from building a 3D system for novices. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 486–493 (Association for Computing Machinery, 2000). https://doi.org/10.1145/332040.332481
  91. Pierce, J. S., Audia, S., Burnette, T., Christiansen, K., Cosgrove, D., Conway, M., Hinckley, K., Monkaitis, K., Patten, J., Shochet, J., Staack, D., Stearns, B., Sturgill, C., Williams, G. & Pausch, R. Alice: easy to use interactive 3D graphics. in Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology 77–78 (Association for Computing Machinery, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1145/263407.263512

 

Patents

  1. Staack, D., Campbell, C., Burnette, M. & Gawloski, N. Efficient circuit in pulsed electrical discharge processing. United States Patent US20250043196A1 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250043196A1/en
  2. Staack, D., Baky, M. A. H., Martens, C. S. & Jemison, H. B. Foaming system for efficient plasma processing of heavy hydrocarbon. United States Patent US12227703B2 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12227703B2/en
  3. Staack, D., Baky, M. A. H., Martens, C. S. & Jemison, H. B. Foaming system for efficient plasma processing of heavy hydrocarbon. United States Patent US20250179377A1 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250179377A1/en
  4. Staack, D., ANTAO, D., AKHTER, M. & Whitson, H. H. Systems and methods for identifying one or more substances using micro-plasma induced breakdown spectroscopy. World Intellectual Property Organization Patent WO2025050050A9 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2025050050A9/en
  5. Pillai, S. D., Staack, D., Lassalle, J., Hoelen, T. & BIRETA, P. Method and system for waste treatment. United States Patent US12358821B2 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12358821B2/en
  6. Kraus, J., Staack, D. & Jemison, H. Method for creating crude oil synthesized fluid having surfactant and demulsification properties. United States Patent US20250019598A1 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250019598A1/en
  7. Jemison, H., Staack, D. & Wang, K. Process for partial upgrading of heavy oil. United States Patent US12344802B2 (2025). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12344802B2/en
  8. Staack, D. & Tang, X. Efficient mechanical generation of cavitation in liquids. United States Patent US12104625B2 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12104625B2/en
  9. Staack, D., Tai, L.-J., Antao, D. S. & Tang, X. Systems and methods for forming a subterranean borehole. United States Patent US11867059B2 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US11867059B2/en
  10. Staack, D., McAdams, I. D. A., Burnette, M. L., Bhasin, D., Tang, X., Kotecha, M., Rathore, K., Campbell, C., Fox, J. G. & Aarseth, P. M. Breath capture and analysis system and method. United States Patent US20240133867A1 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20240133867A1/en
  11. Staack, D., Campbell, C., Burnette, M. & Gawloski, N. Efficient circuit in pulsed electrical discharge processing. United States Patent US12116533B2 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12116533B2/en
  12. Kraus, J., Staack, D. & Jemison, H. Method for creating crude oil synthesized fluid having surfactant and demulsification properties. United States Patent US12104126B2 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12104126B2/en
  13. Jemison, H., Staack, D. & Wang, K. Process for partial upgrading of heavy oil. United States Patent US12037549B2 (2024). https://patents.google.com/patent/US12037549B2/en
  14. Kraus, J., Staack, D. & Jemison, H. Continuous and rapid perpetual electrostatic coalescence phase separation and demulsification of oil, water, and solids using plasma at standard conditions. United States Patent US20230285877A1 (2023). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20230285877A1/en
  15. Jemison, H., Staack, D. & Wang, K. Process for partial upgrading of heavy oil. United States Patent US11713421B2 (2023). https://patents.google.com/patent/US11713421B2/en
  16. Staack, D. & Wang, K. Submerged methane and hydrogen mixture discharge in liquid hydrocarbons. United States Patent US11390815B2 (2022). https://patents.google.com/patent/US11390815B2/en
  17. Staack, D. & Wang, K. Hydrocarbon conversion to liquid fuel by high-energy electron beam irradiation. United States Patent US20220259503A1 (2022). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220259503A1/en
  18. Wang, K., Staack, D., Jemison, H., Bhuiyan, S. I. & Martens, C. Heavy oil cracking device scaleup with multiple electrical discharge modules. United States Patent US20210160996A1 (2021). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210160996A1/en
  19. Staack, D. & Tang, X. Efficient mechanical generation of cavitation in liquids. United States Patent US11193513B2 (2021). https://patents.google.com/patent/US11193513B2/en
  20. Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Pharr, M., Rathore, K., Lassalle, J., Burnette, M. L., Huang, M. & Hassan, M. K. Systems and methods for reducing microbial and/or viral loads on equipment using ozone. United States Patent US20210330840A1 (2021). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210330840A1/en
  21. Staack, D., Fridman, A., Gutsol, A. F., Gogotsi, Y. & Friedman, G. Nano discharges in liquids. United States Patent US10098687B2 (2018). https://patents.google.com/patent/US10098687B2/en
  22. Staack, D. & Tsai, T.-C. Plasma treatment and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition onto temperature sensitive biological materials. United States Patent US9381056B2 (2016). https://patents.google.com/patent/US9381056B2/en
  23. Staack, D. A. & Geiger, R. P. Processing of dielectric fluids with mobile charge carriers. United States Patent US9228136B2 (2016). https://patents.google.com/patent/US9228136B2/en
  24. Fridman, G., Fridman, A., Gutsol, A. F., Friedman, G. & Staack, D. Tubular floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge for applications in sterilization and tissue bonding. United States Patent US9339783B2 (2016). https://patents.google.com/patent/US9339783B2/en
  25. Fridman, G., Fridman, A., Gutsol, A. F., Friedman, G. & Staack, D. Tubular Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge For Applications In Sterilization and Tissue Bonding. United States Patent US20160193373A1 (2016). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160193373A1/en
  26. Staack, D., Gutsol, A., Fridman, A., Gogotsi, Y. & Friedman, G. Nano discharges in liquids. United States Patent US8968286B2 (2015). https://patents.google.com/patent/US8968286B2/en
  27. Fridman, G., Fridman, A., Gutsol, A. F., Friedman, G. & Staack, D. Tubular floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge for applications in sterilization and tissue bonding. United States Patent US20120100524A1 (2012). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120100524A1/en